http://apnews.myway.com/article/20080825/D92P9IRO0.html
Research aims to put tongues in control of devices
The tireless tongue already controls taste and speech, helps kiss and
swallow and fights germs. Now scientists hope to add one more ability
to the mouthy muscle, and turn it into a computer control pad.
Georgia Tech researchers believe a magnetic, tongue-powered system
could transform a disabled person's mouth into a virtual computer,
teeth into a keyboard - and tongue into the key that manipulates it
all.
"You could have full control over your environment by just being able
to move your tongue," said Maysam Ghovanloo, a Georgia Tech assistant
professor who leads the team's research.
The group's Tongue Drive System turns the tongue into a joystick of
sorts, allowing the disabled to manipulate wheelchairs, manage home
appliances and control computers. The work still has a ways to go -
one potential user called the design "grotesque" - but early tests are
encouraging.
The system is far from the first that seeks a new way to control
electronics through facial movements. But disabled advocates have
particularly high hopes that the tongue could prove the most
effective.
"This could give you an almost infinite number of switches and options
for communication," said Mike Jones, a vice president of research and
technology at the Shepherd Center, an Atlanta rehabilitation hospital.
"It's easy, and somebody could learn an entirely different language."
That's quite a contrast to the handful of methods already available to
the hundreds of thousands of Americans who are disabled from the neck
down.
The "sip and puff" technique, which lets people issue commands by
inhaling and exhaling into a tube, is among the most popular. But it
offers users only four different commands, limiting their options.
Control systems that use sophisticated pads to measure neck and head
movements are also widespread, but using the hardware can be tiring,
and frustrating on smaller electronics like computers.
And while newer innovations that track eye movement are promising,
they can be costly, slow and susceptible to mixed signals.
The tongue, though, is a more flexible, sensitive and tireless option.
And like other facial muscles, its functions tend to be spared in
accidents that can paralyze most of the rest of the body, because the
tongue is attached to the brain, not the spinal cord.
The tongue's promise has long enticed scientists. In the 1960s,
research work focused on turning the tongue into a primitive lens by
attaching electrodes to the tissue. More recent studies have connected
a camera that activates tongue electrodes in the shape of an object,
helping blind people sense images.
A Palo Alto, Calif.-based company, newAbilities Systems Inc., has
already designed a nine-button keypad placed on the roof of the mouth
to control electronics.
Ghovanloo's work, however, centers on creating a virtual keyboard
instead of a physical one. He does that through a magnet about 3
millimeters wide that's placed under the tip of the tongue.
The magnet's movement is tracked by sensors on the side of each cheek,
which sends data to a receiver atop a rather bulky set of headgear. It
is then processed by software that converts the movement into commands
for a wheelchair or other electronics.
After turning the system on, users are asked to establish six
commands: Left, right, forward, backward, single-click and double-
click. A graduate student who tested the technology was cruising the
lab at will in a wheelchair, tongue firmly in cheek.
It's an impressive display, and Ghovanloo said he hopes he could one
day add dozens more commands that turn teeth into keyboards and cheeks
into computer consoles. For example, "Left-up could be turning lights
on, right-down could be turning off the TV," Ghovanloo said.
Early tests involving Georgia Tech students are encouraging, and the
team's work has already attracted a $120,000 grant from the National
Science Foundation and $150,000 from the Christopher and Dana Reeve
Foundation.
But plenty of challenges await. Researchers must pare down the bulky
headgear, which looks like a prop from a 1980s movie, into a dental
retainer. The team also must improve the software, tinker with the
size of the magnet and boost the wireless battery's charge.
Above all, they must find a way to keep costs in between the "sip and
puff" systems, which can cost hundreds of dollars, to more
sophisticated eye-tracking systems, which cost thousands.
Still, the research encourages Justin Cochran, a 26-year-old college
student who watched a recent test.
The design certainly needs improvements. "It's in its infancy and
quite grotesque," he said. But Cochran said its potential for almost
limitless control options makes him want to shelve his "sip and puff"
wheelchair.
"You could control not just your chair, your TV, your computer, but
your entire life," he said. "And it's all one system."
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On the Net:
Ghovanloo's lab: http://tinyurl.com/6k7o2r
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