Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Feb;87(2):424-30.Related Articles, Links
Comment in:
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Feb;87(2):277-8.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jul;88(1):247-8; author reply 248.
Dietary choline and betaine intakes in relation to concentrations of
inflammatory markers in healthy adults: the ATTICA study.
Detopoulou P, Panagiotakos DB, Antonopoulou S, Pitsavos C, Stefanadis
C.
Department of Nutrition Science-Dietetics, Harokopio University,
Athens, Greece.
BACKGROUND:
Choline and betaine are found in a variety of plant and animal foods
and were recently shown to be associated with decreased homocysteine
concentrations.
OBJECTIVE:
The scope of this work was to investigate the associations between
dietary choline and betaine consumption and various markers of low-
grade systemic inflammation.
DESIGN:
Under the context of a cross-sectional survey that enrolled 1514 men
(18-87 y of age) and 1528 women (18-89 y of age) with no history of
cardiovascular disease (the ATTICA Study), fasting blood samples were
collected and inflammatory markers were measured. Dietary habits were
evaluated with a validated food-frequency questionnaire, and the
intakes of choline and betaine were calculated from food-composition
tables.
RESULTS:
Compared with the lowest tertile of choline intake (<250 mg/d),
participants who consumed >310 mg/d had, on average, 22% lower
concentrations of C-reactive protein (P < 0.05), 26% lower
concentrations of interleukin-6 (P < 0.05), and 6% lower
concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P < 0.01). Similarly,
participants who consumed >360 mg/d of betaine had, on average, 10%
lower concentrations of homocysteine (P < 0.01), 19% lower
concentrations of C-reactive protein (P < 0.1), and 12% lower
concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P < 0.05) than did
those who consumed <260 mg/d. These findings were independent of
various sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics of
the participants.
CONCLUSIONS:
Our results sup****t an association between choline and betaine intakes
and the inflammation process in free-eating and apparently healthy
adults. However, further studies are needed to confirm or refute our
findings.
Publication Types:
Research Sup****t, Non-U.S. Gov't
PMID: 18258634
-----------------------------
"Lecithin raises choline levels"
"Lecithin may be the method of choice for accelerating acetylcholine
synthesis"
Lancet. 1977 Jul 9;2(8028):68-9. Related Articles, Links
Lecithin consumption raises serum-free-choline levels.
Wurtman RJ, Hirsch MJ, Growdon JH.
Consumption of choline by rats sequentially increases serum-choline,
brain-choline, and brain-acetylcholine concentrations. In man
consumption of choline increases in levels in the serum and
cerebrospinal fluid; its administration is an effective way of
treating tardive dyskinesia.
We found that oral lecithin is considerably more effective in raising
human serum-choline levels than an equivalent quantity of choline
chloride. 30 minutes after ingestion of choline chloride (2-3 g free
base), serum-choline levels rose by 86% and returned to normal values
within 4 hours; 1 hour after lecithin ingestion, these levels rose by
265% and remained significantly raised for 12 hours.
Lecithin may therefore be the method of choice for
accelerating acetylcholine synthesis by increasing the availability
of choline, its precursor in the blood.
PMID: 69151
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