And this has to do with hair loss exactly how?
Yes Kofi,
we know you can 'cut & paste', which alone makes you smarter than Dr.
Ernie Primeau.
But why are you x-posting this?
Marcus
On Jul 19, 11:45=A0pm, Kofi <k...@[EMAIL PROTECTED]
> wrote:
> This shouldn't come as a shock given that helminths raise regulatory
> T-cell numbers and areas with high helminth infection rates have almost
> no allergies.
>
> http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/07/080714155301.htm
>
> Researchers Identify Immune Cells That Block Allergic Reactions
>
> ScienceDaily (July 16, 2008) =8B When it comes to allergies, both the
> problem and the solution are found within us. Our immune systems respond
> to foreign substances with an arsenal of cells. Some are programmed to
> "remember" invaders they've encountered in the past. Normally, anything
> previously identified as harmless is allowed to pass. Sometimes,
> however, the immune response goes awry, triggering an allergic reaction.
>
> Now, researchers at NYU Langone Medical Center have zeroed in on a class
> of custom-made immune cells that block allergic reactions. These
> regulatory T cells are manufactured according to instructions from a
> gene called Foxp3 whenever we eat or inhale a potential allergen for the
> first time, ensuring that the next time we encounter that substance, we
> will not mount an allergic response.
>
> "We don't become allergic to lots of things--we eat all kinds of things,
> we breathe all kinds of things, and what prevents us from developing
> allergies is that we make regulatory T cells, which specifically
> recognize this allergen," says Maria A. Curotto de Lafaille, Ph.D.,
> research assistant professor of pathology at NYU Langone Medical Center.
> "Every time we don't react to something or don't become allergic, it's
> not because nothing is happening," Dr. de Lafaille explains. "It's
> because something very im****tant is happening: We're making these
cells."
>
> Mucosal tissue, which lines both the respiratory and digestive tracts,
> has long been known as an effective barrier against allergens, which are
> always protein molecules. The NYU research shows that Foxp3-directed
> regulatory T cells (Treg) are produced in the mucosal tissue and remain
> there to prevent allergic reactions. New ones are tailor-made every time
> an unknown protein is inhaled or ingested. The inability to make Treg
> cells results in high susceptibility to becoming allergic.
>
> The NYU researchers induced allergic reactions in mice with a Foxp3
> mutation that prevented formation of Treg cells. Exposure to the same
> allergen--in this case egg protein--did not elicit an allergic response
> in mice that were able to make Treg cells.
>
> The formation of Foxp3-positive Treg cells occurs in response to any
> potential allergen, so the findings are applicable to a broad range of
> allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases, says Dr. de Lafaille. When
> people suffer from allergies, including life-threatening ones such as
> asthma, something goes wrong in the process by which Foxp3 signals Treg
> cell formation. The problem is not necessarily a mutation in the Foxp3
> gene, which is known to cause severe autoimmune disease. Rather,
> something occurs, or fails to occur, in the lungs or the gut that
> interferes with the production of allergen-specific Treg cells.
>
> The NYU researchers also determined that Treg cells control damage from
> long-term inflammation. They found high concentrations of Treg cells in
> inflamed lung tissue of mice without the Foxp3 defect. "The question
> arose about what these cells are doing in the tissue--are they
> beneficial or not?" Dr. de Lafaille says. It turns out that even though
> the Treg cells did not prevent inflammation in an ongoing allergic
> reaction, they kept it under control, ensuring it did not worsen or
> spread to other areas of the body. "We think that over time these
> regulatory T cells become more im****tant than the inflammatory cells and
> end up completely shutting off the inflammation. But it's not overnight
> and it's not black and white," Dr. de Lafaille emphasizes.
>
> This finding provides a key to one of the most serious consequences of
> asthma. In addition to breathing problems during an acute attack, people
> with asthma have chronic inflammation, which can permanently damage
> their lungs. If a means could be found to increase the number of Treg
> cells in inflamed tissue, this might be prevented. Allergic asthma, the
> most common and best-understood type, affects more than 10 million
> people in the US, many of them children. Acute asthma attacks are
> responsible for nearly 4000 deaths in the United States each year.
>
> Dr. de Lafaille and her colleagues have been investigating ways to grow
> allergen-specific Treg cells in the lab and inject them into people who
> cannot make their own. Her group published a paper in Nature Medicine in
> February 2008 describing a method of making the cells. "The big
> challenge is how to isolate the cells that will recognize the right
> allergens that the person is allergic to," she says. Another approach is
> to stimulate the body to manufacture the cells itself, an area of
> ongoing research.
> This work represents an im****tant step in understanding the genetic and
> cellular mechanisms underlying the allergic response, which may lead to
> more effective therapies. Current treatment is aimed at suppressing
> symptoms and reducing inflammation after an allergic reaction has
> already occurred. Having identified the cell type that must be present
> to prevent allergies, Dr. de Lafaille and her colleagues are now looking
> for the glitch that blocks formation of those cells.
>
> The findings are re****ted in the July 18, 2008, issue of the journal
> Immunity. The co-authors of the study include: Dr. de Lafaille, Nino
> Kutchukhidze and ****qian Shen, former postdoctoral students in
> pathology, Yi Ding, a graduate student in pathology, and Herman Yee,
> M.D., Ph.D., associate professor of pathology, and Juan J. Lafaille,
> Ph.D., associate professor of pathology and Medicine at NYU Langone
> Medical Center.
> The research was sup****ted by grants from the National Institutes of
> Health, the National Multiple Sclerosis Society, and the Sandler
> Foundation.
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> Adapted from materials provided by NYU Langone Medical Center / New York
> University School of Medicine, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.
>
> Need to cite this story in your essay, paper, or re****t? Use one of the
> following formats:
>
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