First abstract re****ts reduced IL-4, a T-helper 2 cytokine, inhibits
TNF-a thus leading to periodontal disease. Second abstracts re****ts
that TCDD suppressed type-2 cytokine (IL-4 & 5) production by T cells.
Do people with CD/UC have high incidence of gum disease?
Interleukin-4, a T-helper 2 cell cytokine, is associated with the
remission of periodontal disease.
Background and Objectives: Interleukin-4 (IL-4), secreted mainly by T-
helper 2 cells, is a key cytokine for the growth and proliferation of
B lymphocytes. Previous studies have proved that IL-4 has an anti-
inflammatory effect owing to its efficient inhibition of the
production of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-
alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 by monocytes/
macrophages. The aim of the present study was to *****s the relation
between clinical parameters and concentrations of IL-4 within gingival
crevicular fluid from inflamed gingiva and periodontitis sites and,
subsequently, after treatment of the periodontitis sites. Material and
Methods: A total of 60 subjects were divided into three groups based
on gingival index (GI), pocket probing depth and clinical attachment
loss (CAL): healthy (group 1), gingivitis (group 2) and chronic
periodontitis (group 3). A fourth group (group 4) consisted of 20
subjects from group 3, 6-8 weeks after treatment (i.e. scaling and
root planing). Gingival crevicular fluid samples collected from each
patient were quantified for IL-4 using the enzymatic immunometric
assay. Results: The highest mean concentration of IL-4 was obtained
for group 1 (99.39 +/- 49.33 pg/mL) and the lowest mean concentration
of IL-4 was obtained for group 3 (15.78 +/- 21.92 pg/mL). The mean
IL-4 concentrations for group 2 (64.34 +/- 39.56 pg/mL) and group 4
(68.92 +/- 42.85 pg/mL) were intermediate between the levels in
healthy subjects and periodontitis subjects. Conclusion: The mean
concentration of IL-4 decreased from periodontal health to disease.
Thus, we suggest that type 2 helper T cell cytokine, as represented by
IL-4, was associated with the remission or improvement of periodontal
disease. PMID: 18624944
Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on T cell-
derived cytokine production in ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized C57Bl/6 mice.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is known to suppress both
cellular and humoral immunity. Effector T cell-derived type-2
cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-5, play pivotal roles in humoral
immunity. Herein, we studied whether TCDD affects type-2 cytokine
productions during the immune response. C57Bl/6 mice were
intraperitoneally immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) and orally
administered 5 or 20 microg TCDD/kg on Day 0, and then challenged with
OVA on Day 21. Seven days later (Day 28), antigen-specific antibodies
in plasma, and T cell-derived cytokines produced by splenocytes and
proliferation of splenocytes upon ex vivo re-stimulation with OVA were
investigated. The quantities of IgM class and IgG1 class OVA-specific
antibodies in plasma were reduced by 5 or 20 microg TCDD/kg and by 20
microg TCDD/kg, respectively. While thymus weight and cellularity were
reduced by 20 microg TCDD/kg, spleen weight and cellularity were not
changed by either 5 or 20 microg TCDD/kg. The pro****tions of B and T
cells in the spleen were not affected by TCDD exposure. On the other
hand, splenocytes from mice treated with 5 or 20 microg TCDD/kg were
shown to produce less IL-4 or IL-5 upon ex vivo re-stimulation with
OVA. Production of the T cell growth factor IL-2 was also decreased in
splenocytes from TCDD-treated mice. In contrast, the type-1 cytokine
IFN-gamma was increased by TCDD. Twenty micrograms of TCDD/kg
suppressed OVA- or T cell mitogen (Con A)-stimulated proliferation of
splenocytes, but did not affect B cell mitogen (LPS)-stimulated
proliferation. These results suggested compromised T cell activation
and suppressed type-2 cytokine production by T cells to be involved in
the impaired humoral immunity associated with TCDD exposure. PMID:
11844614
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